Nuclear Weapons Scars on the earth Essay Example For Students

Atomic Weapons: Scars on the earth Essay Sean Anthony PulsiferMrs. Karen YeagerAdvanced Composition 123 December 1999Nuclear Weapons: Scars on the EarthNuclear weapons have a durable and wrecking impact on the world for a long time after an underlying blast. Aftermath from United States air testing from 1945 to 1963 murdered an expected 70,000 to 800,000 individuals around the world. Individuals who have worked in the early atomic weapons programs have been presented to noteworthy measures of radiation (Schwartz 395). At the point when an atomic weapon goes off, there are four essential sorts of blasts: air blasts, surface impact, subsurface burst, and high height burst. An air burst happens when a weapon is exploded at a tallness so the fireball doesn't arrive at the outside of the earth (Effects Nuclear Explosions). At the point when the stun wave hits the ground, the principal wave will skip off to make a subsequent wave. At the point when the impact is higher off the ground, the underlying stun wave will be more fragile, yet will impact a bigger region (5.0 Effects Nuclear Weapons). By fluctuating the elevation of the blast, one can change the impact impacts, warm impacts, and radiation impacts. Albeit at first radiation will be a danger, yet the aftermath peril will be very nearly zero. A surface burst happens when a bomb is exploded on or somewhat over the earth. Under these conditions, the fireball will experience the earth. Instead of air blasts, aftermath can be a risk (Effects Nuclear Ex plosions). In a surface impact, the stun wave will travel better through the ground (5.0 Effects Nuclear Weapons). A subsurface burst happens when the bomb goes off underneath the land or under the water (Effects Nuclear Explosions).In a subsurface water blast, water would be what an individual would see. What's more, the stun wave an individual would see will convey up to 5% of the all out vitality. Waves framed from the impact would be as much as ten meters high and travel for many miles. On the off chance that were to collide with a harbor or estuaries, it would cause monstrous demolition (Pittock 13). Normally a pit will be the outcome. A consequence of a subsurface impact will be exceptionally substantial neighborhood aftermath radiation (Effects Nuclear Explosions). A subsurface bomb will likewise slice warm radiation to zero (5.0 Effects Nuclear Weapons). A high height burst happens when the impact is more than 30 kilometers high. The fireball from a high height burst will be enormous and travel a lot quicker. The radiation from the impact could go for many miles, along these lines defiling an enormous zone. An impact like this could make an extreme electromagnetic heartbeat (EMP) which will obliterate anything electronic (Effects Nuclear Explosions). The impact wave is shaped from high temperatures and moves from the focal point of the ground-zero. While extending, the pinnacles pressure diminishes, and the engendering goes down from the supersonic speed. A large portion of the demolition from an atomic impact is from the impact impacts. The scope of the impact will decide the unstable yield of the weapon (5.0 Effects Nuclear Weapons). There are numerous hotspots for atomic radiation, for example, starting radiation, leftover radiation, and aftermath. About 5% of the entirety of the vitality from an atomic blast are as starting radiation. Power from the impact will go down quickly with good ways from the impact, as a result of the huge territory aftermath will travel. Leftover radiation comes in three structures: splitting items, unfissioned atomic material, and neutron-prompted movement. There are in excess of 300 parting items. The greater part of these have short half-lives. Notwithstanding, some of them have half-experience that can be month or years. Unfissioned atomic material would be some uranium or plutonium that doesn't experience parting and are scattered from the blast. Neutron-instigated action happens when cores are presented to a significant difference in neutron radiation, in this way making them radioactive. A little region around ground-zero would be the most probable contender for neutron-actuated movement. Maybe one of the most lethal impacts of an atomic impact would be aftermath. Aftermath comes in three sign ificant structures: Worldwide aftermath, neighborhood aftermath, and meteorological impacts. Overall aftermath happens after an atomic impact and little particles are drawn up into the environment and will go by climatic breezes and choose the earth. There is a drawn out peril of overall aftermath as a result of the isotopes strontium-90 and cesium-137, which have an exceptionally long half-life. These will enter the body from food that has been sullied with these two radioactive isotopes. In a surface impact, a lot of trash will be disintegrated by the extreme warmth of the fireball and be sucked up into the radioactive cloud. By doing this, the material will get radioactive and fall back to the earth as nearby aftermath. At the point when an individual remains in a polluted region, they will be influenced by radiation. Meteorological impacts will impact aftermath, no doubt nearby aftermath. A few components from meteorological impacts that could quicken nearby aftermath would be d ay off downpour (Effects Nuclear Explosions). History Of Unions And Their Relevance In Todays Australian Society EssayA most dire outcome imaginable of an atomic trade would be an atomic winter. An atomic winter happens when a bomb goes off, making dust fly up and shut out the daylight. The most pessimistic scenario of atomic winter would be a Case 9. This would happen when seventy five percent of every superpowers weapons are shot off quickly, in spite of the fact that this is not at all like to occur. The consequences of this would be terrible. In a 10,000 MT (uber ton) case, the air temperature worldwide would be brought down to about - 53oF for a while (Child 64,68). One of the principle impacts of atomic war on the biosphere would be fire. The flames can be characterized into three gatherings lower, upper, and underground. The lower gathering would comprise of greenery, grass, woods litter, and fallen branches. These sorts of flames would be the most across the board. The upper gathering is comprised of trees, and the grass front of the dirt. In an underground fire, a large portion of what is being singed is the tree roots (Svirezhev 33). Flames can likewise be begun by implication, by methods for impact harm. This would be brought about by harm caused to gas line, water radiators, and heaters. Notwithstanding, a lot of material must consume for an extensive stretch before it would act naturally continuing (Harris 36). After an atomic war, food supplies would be at a low level Crops would be more vulnerable against battling sicknesses, and the temperature change from a potential atomic winter would slaughter of a portion of the harvests. As the years would go on, harvests would be misused, making them abbreviate their drawn out profitability (Harwell 476-477)Post-war impacts would have little impact on the ice biological system since they are utilized to the chilly climate. Plants would in all likelihood go into a lethargic state brought upon by the chilly climate. This would make most herbivores die on the grounds that there would just be insufficient food. Truth be told, a few creatures could get terminated. The backwoods biological system would be hit the hardest. This biological system would need to manage fire, cold, dry spell, radiation, and locally high grouping of profoundly poisonous gases. On the off chance that the assault were to be in the winter, most trees would be in their lethargic stage and may have the option to withstand these conditions. In the southern districts, trees would not be prepared for the abrupt surge of the chilly climate. Around one to 75% of the plants would pass on from the chilly climate. In a tropical environment, the impacts would be crushing. The temperatures are moderately steady. Precipitation would be decreased from 25%-100% and light levels could be down to simply 10%. One other impact would be improved probability of expanded tropical storm movement. Ozone consumptions from the bright radiation would reach as high as 20%-30% in a short measure of time. UV-B beams can be consumed by DNA, in this manner harming them unrecoverable. Among people, expanded UV-B presentation would prompt skin illnesses, eye ailments, and changes in the invulnerable framework (Dotto 94-96, 105-106). Starting at only a couple of years back, the United States has been spending more than two billion dollars on atomic weapon ventures and projects (Schwartz 588). Nonetheless, is this country settling on the correct decision by spending a huge measure of cash on these projects? The author of this paper might want to close with a statement: There is no sheltered degree of radiation introduction. So the inquiry isn't: What is a protected level? The inquiry is: How extraordinary is the Risk? Karl Z. MorganWorks CitedBiological Effects of a Nuclear Explosion. n.pag. On-line. Web. 28 Nov. 1999. Accessible WWW: http://209.236.112/nuke/direct/usa/regulation/dod.fm8-9/1ch4.htm. Kid, James W. Atomic War the Moral Dimension. New Brunswick (USA): Social Philosophy and Policy Center and By Transaction, Inc., 1986. Dotto, Lydia. Planet Earth in Jeopardy Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War. Incredible Britain: John Wiley Sons, 1986. Impacts of Nuclear Weapons Section I-General. n.pag. On-line. Web. 28 Nov. 1999. Accessible WWW: http://209.207.236.112/nuke/direct/usa/convention/dod/fm8-9/1ch3.htm. Harris, John B., and Markusen, Eric. Atomic Weapons and the Threat of Nuclear War. San Diego: Harcourt Brace, Jovanovich, 1986. Harwell, M.A., and Hutchinson T.C. Natural Consequences of Nuclear War Volume II Ecological and Agricultural Effects. Extraordinary Britain: John Wiley Sons, 1986. Langer, Victor and Thomas, Walter. Atomic War Funbook, The. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982. Note on Nuclear Radiation, A. n.pag. On-line. Web. 28 Nov. 1999. Accessible WWW: http://209.207.236.112/nuke/slash/Library/DamagePittock, A. B. et al. Ecological Consequences of Nuclear War Volume I Physical and Atmospheric Effects. Extraordinary Britain: John Wiley Sons, 1986. Schwartz, Stephen I. Nuclear Audit. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Brookings Institution Press, 1998. Segment 5.0 Effects of Nuclear Weapons

Journalists can talk the economy up or down - Emphasis

Columnists can talk the economy up or down Columnists can talk the economy up or down The media should practice alert when announcing the Euro emergency, scientists caution, as the language that columnists use is by all accounts influencing our monetary fortunes. As indicated by another report from the Emphasis Research Center, there is a solid connection between shopper certainty and the utilization of the word recuperation in the press. The examination followed the presss utilization of the word recuperation (alongside green shoots) during the ongoing downturn and the months paving the way to it. In doing as such, specialists found that the utilization of the terms expanded fundamentally even as the money related markets were still in freefall. From August to November, for instance, the FTSE 100 fell a huge 24 percent. However references to recuperation rose by 26 percent in a similar period. In the interim, only months after downturn got official in January 2009, shopper certainty started to rise and kept on rising the more recuperation showed up in the media. Urgently, be that as it may, buyer certainty lingered somewhat behind the presss utilization of the word. The analysts propose that the language utilized by the press may have helped float customer certainty and thusly added to the UKs possible move out of downturn. They likewise caution that the media itself could trigger the much-dreaded twofold plunge downturn. Loot Ashton, Chief Executive of Emphasis, says this seems to help recounted claims that the press can talk the economy up or down, regardless of whether they do so accidentally. It may be the case that simply rehashing the word recuperation, similar to a mantra, by one way or another saturated the subliminal of both general society and the market, he clarifies. This might be a case of columnists affecting the news, just as announcing it. The examination venture started as a positive option in contrast to The Economists R-word file, which tracks how frequently the word downturn shows up in The New York Times and Washington Post. In the course of recent decades, the file has spotted major monetary defining moments, for example, the beginning of downturns in America in 1981, 1990 and 2001. A duplicate of Recovery Watch is accessible from the Emphasis site at emphbootstrap.wpengine.com/assets/look into focus/ Closures Press enquiries For more data, it would be ideal if you call Indigo Cow, Emphasis PR office, on 01273 773516 or email info@indigocow.com Notes for editors 1. Recuperation Watch followed the quantity of articles containing the words recuperation and green shoots in the UK broadsheets between January 2008 and May 2010 against the background of market movement and mediation measures. These measures incorporate the UK Governments upgrade bundle, reported in November 2008; the beginning of quantitative facilitating in March 2009; and the G20 highest point pioneers $1.1 trillion bundle to handle the money related emergency in April 2009. While these different variables may have added to restored confidence later on for the business sectors, similitudes between the ascent in paper references to recuperation and the Nationwide Consumer Confidence Index seem noteworthy. 2. Recuperation Watch is the subsequent research venture distributed by the new Emphasis Research Center. Propelled in April 2010, the inside behaviors examination into language, correspondence and composing aptitudes in the UK. 3. The Emphasis Research Center is financed by Emphasis Training Ltd, which is the UKs driving business composing preparing association.

Statistics on Marijuana Use by Teens

Statistics on Marijuana Use by Teens Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Statistics on Teenage Marijuana Use By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 09, 2019 Doug Menuez / Photodisc / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Marijuana use is common among teens, yet, many parents still dont believe their teen would ever smoke pot. There are also many misconceptions about marijuanaâ€"especially now that medical marijuana is being used by many people with health conditions and several states are legalizing recreational pot use. Many parents also think pot must be harmless because they believe its a natural herb. But a review published in 2014 suggests marijuana can have harmful effects on a teens developing brain.?? Its important to understand how common marijuana use is among todays teens. Understanding the risks, dangers, facts, and statistics can help you address the issue with your teen. Statistics While a lengthy lecture isnt likely to be helpful, sharing a few statistics about marijuana could educate your teen about the risks and dangers. Here are a few statistics that might make your teen think twice about smoking pot: People who use marijuana prior to the age of 12 are twice as likely to experience a serious mental illness compared to those who first use marijuana at age 18 or older.Among persons aged 18 or older who reported lifetime marijuana use, almost 53 percent  report first using marijuana between ages 12 and 17. About 2 percent report that they first used marijuana before age 12.In 2010, 21 percent  of high school seniors used marijuana in the past 30 days, while 19 percent smoked cigarettes.Nineteen percent of  teen drivers  reports they have driven under the influence of marijuana.Marijuana accounts for 17 percent  of admissions to treatment facilities in the United States, second only to opiates among illicit substances. Facts Marijuana is addictive. About 1 in 6 people who start using as a teen, and 25-50 percent of those who use it every day, become addicted to marijuana.??Marijuana and teen driving do not mix. It is the most common illegal drug found in drivers who die in accidents (around 14 percent  of drivers), sometimes in combination with alcohol or other drugs.??Marijuana is most common drug among teens. More teenage girls use marijuana than cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, and all other illicit drugs combined.Marijuana use may precede depression. Research from 2006 shows girls (ages 14-15) who used marijuana daily were 5 times more likely to face depression at age 21.?? Daily use in young women was associated with an over five-fold increase in the odds of reporting a state of depression and anxiety.Marijuana offenses carry serious legal consequences. Although the laws vary greatly by state and country, some regions impose very strict consequences for teenage offenders. Talk to Your Teen Dont wait for your teen to bring up the subject of marijuana. Start a conversation today. Find out what your teen knows already and be prepared to share the facts. Take steps to build credibility so your teen will value what you have to say. Discuss the dangers of using marijuana and make sure your teen fully understands the risks. Hold  ongoing conversations about the dangers of marijuana use. Discuss changes in the law or bring up the subject when there are stories about marijuana in the news. Find out what your teen is hearing from other sources too. Friends, social media, and other websites often promote marijuana and they may give your teen false information about drugs. Its important for you to be able to provide factual information.

Beyond Start Up Mode What Leaders At Established...

Beyond start-up mode: What leaders at established companies need to understand about discipline, process management, and enforcement as enablers of innovation. Innovation and agility are likely two of the most talked-about topics in business today. Unfortunately all of that focus has resulted in naà ¯ve extremist interpretations that create a higher probability of failure, frustration, and confusion within larger, more established companies. These established companies with meaningful revenue, reasonable margins, happy clients, and a pool of talented resources are well positioned and should be driving innovation, but instead are being outflanked by the much smaller, resource-strained efforts of the mythical two people in a garage. Why does this happen? What should the established company be doing? And even more importantly, what should they not be doing? The Why – Good smart people have great ideas, but you can’t do everything. To quote one of the most notable executive coaches, Marshall Goldsmith, â€Å"What Got You Here, Won’t Get You There†. This applies to corporate approaches to innovation as much as it does to great leaders. Realistically, leadership and the ability to innovate are highly correlated, but even the brightest people can miss the foundational elements required to help their smart energetic peers and subordinates, at a successful firm, focus on what’s important. Most successful companies struggle to balance their attention between incrementalism, hygiene,Show MoreRelatedHuman Resources and Public Administration2705 Words   |  11 Pages1. In your own words, what is a psychological contract? Why is this concept important to studying human resources? Explain.  Give an example of a psychological contract you had with an employer and what, if anything, happened when it was broken. A psychological contract is what the employee expects to receive from the employer and vice versa. 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10 Reasons Dinosaurs Make Bad Pets

It seems that everyone these days is keeping dinosaurs as pets, what with supermodels tugging tiny Microraptors on leashes and pro football players adopting full-grown Utahraptors as team mascots. You might find that to be humorous, but before you fill out the paperwork at your local dinosaur shelter, here are some things you may want to consider. (Dont agree? See 10 Reasons Dinosaurs Make Good Pets.) 1. Pet dinosaurs are expensive to feed. If you dont happen to have a Cycad Hut or Ginkgo Emporium in your neighborhood, you might find it difficult to scrounge up sufficient vegetable grub for your pet Apatosaurus (and your neighbors probably wont appreciate him eating the tops of their shrubs). And do you know how many cute, fuzzy mice, rabbits and Labrador Retrievers the average Deinonychus goes through every day? 2. Its virtually impossible to teach a dinosaur tricks. Its easier to train your cat to clean your windows than to teach the average dinosaur to sit, fetch, or heel. Your pet Ankylosaurus will probably just sit there on the floor and stare at you dolefully, while your teenaged Spinosaurus eats the drapes from the top down. (With a little persistence, though, you might be able to teach a purebred Troodon to roll over.) 3. Dinosaurs create a lot of poop. Unless you live smack in the middle of a turnip farm, you may have a hard time disposing of the hundreds of pounds of poop the average Triceratops generates every day. Flushing it down the toilet isnt an option, and neither is using it for insulation in your attic. Some pet owners have experimented with creating kiln-dried dinosaur-poop furniture, with mixed results. 4. No veterinarian will want to de-claw your dinosaur. For liability reasons, most municipalities require you to trim the claws of any raptors, tyrannosaurs, or allosaurs residing in your household. Good luck getting a vet to do this, and if you do miraculously find someone willing to take on this task, even better luck stuffing your Gigantoraptor into your Honda Odyseey  and shlepping it to the clinic. 5. Your pet dinosaur will want to sleep in your bed. In the wild, dinosaurs are accustomed to hunkering down in rotting foliage, urine-soaked sand dunes and ash pits strewn with rotting carcasses. Thats why the average Styracosaurus will insist not only on sharing your mattress, but layering on every freshly washed duvet cover in the house and using your pillows as antler cozies. 6. Dinosaurs arent very good with children As much as kids love dinosaurs, its unfair to expect the average Ceratosaurus to reciprocate that affection, especially since a well-fed 5-year-old can supply a weeks worth of calories. Teenagers will have a slightly easier time of it; in any case, theyll put up more of a fight before being swallowed head-first. 7. Dinosaurs arent very good with other dinosaurs, for that matter. So youre looking forward to hauling your pet Majungatholus over the local dinosaur park and meeting that cute chick with the Archaeopteryx  popping out of her handbag. Well, bad news: the only thing dinosaurs hate more than children is other dinosaurs. Take your pet to the dog run instead, then sit back and watch the fun. 8. Dinosaur pet-sitters are hard to come by. Isnt it cute when your neighbors eight-year-old daughter drops by to pet your kitty, feed it kibble and scoop out the litterbox? Well, she might think twice about doing the same for your pet Therizinosaurus, especially given the mysterious disappearance of the last six pet-sitters you hired to do the job. 9. Most cities have very strict dinosaur leash laws. Unless you live in Seattle (for some reason, Seattle is very liberal about these kinds of things) you cant just saddle up your pet Centrosaurus and take it out onto the sidewalk. Flout the rules, and your municipalitys animal-control squad will gladly tug your pal over to the nearest dinosaur shelter, assuming they arent eaten first. 10. Pet dinosaurs take up a lot of room. As a general rule of thumb, the American Purebred Dinosaur Association (APDA) recommends at least 10 square feet of living space per pound of dinosaur. Thats not much of a problem for a 25-pound Dilophosaurus puppy, but it could be a deal breaker if you plan to adopt a full-grown Argentinosaurus, which will require its own aircraft hangar.

Personal Statement Example Free Essays

Photography is law-breaking. The possibilities are endless. Why should we stick with fashion existing notions when we can challenge them? Our world is our oyster and is there for us to use it. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Statement Example or any similar topic only for you Order Now I find amazing how fashion is an ever-changing issue. Fashion analyzes the history of our world and re-invents it in a contemporary way (e. g the Dior Spring 2004 collection inspired in the Ancient Egypt). Fashion is not just what we wear; it changes attitudes, personalities, manners, the effects it has are unbelievable (e. g James Dean teenage look and making denim fashionable) this is why my passion for it is dazzling. My aim is to produce an original response to fashion photography which is edge-cutting convey something more than a standard image. Since I was 4, I started to admire beauty; I drew portraits of my mother started developing an awareness of what beauty fashion is. During my childhood, I was attached to a pencil; my arising curiosity admiration for the female form grew as I kept developing my art skills; specially drawing women. These activities started to hook me to fashion, photography make-up. I have been lucky to have a close group of 7 girls. My amusement with photography started when I began to shoot them. Suddenly, photography started to fascinate me I became really devoted dedicated; always eager to learn a keep doing photo shoots frequently. In my photography, I try to unearth the raw beauty with make-up, angles, lightning directing model properly. I cherish observing at people; how the light reflects on them, their face, eyes and I imagine poses; my mind is a non-stop rollercoaster of ideas. My ambition determination made me start working with clients when I was 15. These clients were other girls who saw photographs on social networks started to want me to shoot them I began to gain money. I prepared a portfolio and went to Carmen Duran (model agency) and they offered me a job as a photographer. I realized this is what I wanted to do with my life to further develop myself I decided to study in London which is a global hub that will definitely give me creativity inspiration. I then applied to fashion photography courses LCF rejected me so I got a place in the SSU studying Fashion with Photography which I really enjoy but I think LCF is where I want to get taught this is why I decided to take the â€Å"Fashion Photography 1† course starting this February to keep broaden my knowledge and be more repared if I received the opportunity to study in this prestigious university. In the fashion industry, I worked for Marta Stella which designed hats for the â€Å"The Skin I Live† directed by Almodovar. Julian Mateo Atelier, Vicente Gracia, etc. I shoot the accessories campaign of Amparo Chorda, a designer who appeared on the NY Fashion Week my work has appeared in press and TV. I photographed an event in London Cuckoo Club. This work experiences enable me to develop professional skills, meet deadlines work as a team. In my free time, I enjoy viewing contemporary magazines sites: 125 magazine, Love, Tank, Let them Eat Cake, Lula, Self Service, Purple, and V Mag. Furthermore, blogs like Alice Point websties like fashiongonerogue are a source of ideas for me. Furthermore, I enjoy researching watching documentaries about photographers e. g: Bailey the movement of the swinging London, I admire his tightly cropped high-contrast images. However, I appreciate fashion photography from Corinne Day style to Vadukul. Demarchelier is probably my favorite photographer; I adore the Pirelli Calendar 2008, is awesome: the Asian influence, styling, cold tones, etc. This is a clear e. g of what I want to do. Styling make-up are others of my passions. I admire Babeth because of her minimalism masculinity, C. Roitfeld and K. Grand. Finally, I know I am not the best applicant but I just feel sparkling emotions when I am doing a shoot, when I am styling when I direct models which completely fulfills me. How to cite Personal Statement Example, Essay examples Personal Statement Example Free Essays I was born and raised in a third-world country: Ethiopia. Even though Ethiopia is mainly known for her poverty and destitution, my life there was not that bad. Since my dad has lived in the USA since long before I arrived, I was able to go to private school in Ethiopia and get a good education. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Statement Example or any similar topic only for you Order Now I came to the USA when I was fourteen years old. Nothing was as easy as I thought it would be. New country, new language, new home, new school, new friends: everything was new for me. Being a high school student made it even harder.It is obvious that all teens face typical problems during their high school life, like bullying, peer pressure, teen pregnancy, and boyfriend/girlfriend problems. Well, imagine how hard it is for foreign students to get used to a new country and new school on top of all those problems. It was not easy for me to make new friends, to get used to the new school, and, most importantly, to develop my English. However, those obstacles didn’t stop me from getting outstanding grades in my classes, even the ones that seemed like they might be beyond my level. It has been a lifelong dream of mine to go to college in Boston. When I was in Ethiopia, I always used to tell my friends that I was going to graduate from Boston University one day. After I came here, I realized that it is extremely competitive to go to college in the United States, especially top-tier colleges like Boston University. But that didn’t stop me from dreaming and working hard to accomplish my lifelong goal. As Gail Devers once said, â€Å"Keep your dreams alive, understand that to achieve anything requires faith and belief in yourself, vision, hard-work, determination and dedication. Remember all things are possible for those who believe. So, I believe in myself and I know I can fulfill my dreams as long as I work hard. I believe Success is the son of Hard Work, so even if I have to suffer a lot to reach the top of the success ladder, I am willing to face any challenges. Without suffering, and without obstacles, life wouldn’t make any sense. The main reason I wanted to attend the summer high school honors program at Boston University is, as I mentioned above, that Boston University is my dream college. Attending the summer program at one of the world’s top universities would be an extraordinary experience for me. Also, taking ourses that are not available at my high school and earning up to eight college credits is a great opportunity for me to open the door into success. Since I am a junior right now, next year would be my last year in a high school. I wanted to take Precalculus and Calculus during my high school years. Because I want to major in pre-med paired with math, since i have passion for both science and math. But the problem is that I can only take precalculus next year. But if I attend the summer high school program, I would be able to take precalculus which it will allow me to take calculus during my senior year. My dream is to be a doctor, and I believe Boston University will help me to become a well-rounded, generally educated, and most importantly, the best doctor. I am very thrilled and excited to attend the summer high school program at BU, because BU fits my kind of personality which is, capacious, conscientious, agile and orthodox. so for an imaginative girl like me, Boston University is the perfect place, and I am eager to meet like-minded students from different parts of the country. to broaden my experience of American Academic landscape beyond Orange,NJ. How to cite Personal Statement Example, Essay examples

The French and Indian War free essay sample

The primary reason for retaining such a large force was that demoralizing the army would put 1,500 officers, many of whom were well-connected in Parliament, out of work. Stationing 10,000 troops to separate Indians and frontiersmen was one role. The outbreak in May 1763 of Pontiac Rebellion, an Indian uprising against the British expansion, reinforced the logic of this decision (Stamp Act). George Greenville became the prime minister in April Of 1763. He knew that he would have to find a way to pay for this large peacetime army. Raising taxes in Britain was out of the question, since there had been virulent protests in England against the 1 763 cider tax. The Greenville ministry therefore decided that Parliament would raise this revenue by taxing the American colonists without their consent. Parliament had previously passed measures to regulate trade in the colonies, but it had never before directly taxed the colonies to raise revenue (Stamp Act). The first tax in Greensville program to raise a revenue in America was the Sugar Act that was passed on April 5, 1764. We will write a custom essay sample on The French and Indian War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page American colonists initially objected to the Sugar Act for economic reasons, but before long they recognized that there were constitutional issues involved. The British Constitution guaranteed that British subjects could not be taxed without their consent, which came in the form of representation in Parliament. The colonists elected no members of Parliament, and so for Parliament to tax them was seen as a violation of the British Constitution (Stamp Act). Following the Sugar Act, The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament on March 22, 1765.Because of its potential wide application to the colonial economy, the Stamp Act was judged by the colonists to be a more dangerous assault on their rights than the Sugar Act was. While the colonial sculptures were acting, protests began taking place in the streets. It was during this time of street demonstrations that the well known group, the Sons of Liberty was formed. Groups identifying themselves as Sons of Liberty existed in almost every colony (Stamp Act).The British government had gotten the impression that because the colonists had objected to the Stamp Act on the grounds that it was a direct (or internal) tax, colonists would therefore accept indirect (or external) taxes, such as taxes on imports. With this in mind, the Townsend Act was passed in 1767 that placed new duties n paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea that were imported into the colonies. These were items that were not produced in North America and that the colonists were only allowed to buy from Great Britain (Townsend Acts).This act proved to be short lived and by 1 770 most of the Townsend taxes were repealed, but that on tea was retained. Colonists were still opposed to the tax on tea, which resulted in the return of tea back to Britain. In Charleston, the colonists even left the tea on the docks to rot. Things would eventually culminate and on December 16, 1773, after officials in Boston refused to turn three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor (Boston).

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The Success of Woolworths Essays

The Success of Woolworths Essays The Success of Woolworths Essay The Success of Woolworths Essay The following report will investigate the Australian retail/grocery supermarket Woolworths and its parent company Woolworths Limited. This report will explore the success Woolworths and its contribution to the Australian economy. It will examine the following subjects: * About Woolworths * Business Structure * Responsibilities to Stakeholders * Internal and External Influences * Strategies for Future Growth About Woolworths Woolworths is a conventional supermarket owned by Woolworths Limited. It started as a basement store in Pitt Street in 1924, and is now one of the leading competitors in the supermarket business.With over 850 stores in Australia, and 110,000 Woolworths staff, they provide their customers with great service, products and price. With 96% of their fresh fruits and vegetables are Australian grown and 100% of their beef is Australian made, the aim to live to their slogan ‘the fresh food people’. They aim to develop long-term relatio nships with their producers and farmers, to have a consistent quality of fresh produces. Business Structure * Size Woolworths is classified as a national company. * Location Woolworths run their business in Australia, having a store in almost every regional and metropolitan area. Industry Type Woolworths is a tertiary retail company, providing the service to sell products made from other companies. * Legal Structure Woolworths is a subsidiary company, owned by Woolworths Limited. Responsibilities to Stakeholders Woolworths holds many responsibilities that their various stakeholders expect. They have taken the measure to make sure that the correct steps are taken to uphold these responsibilities. Stakeholders| Responsibility| Measures Taken| Investors| Competitive ROI, and being informed on the path the company takes| Quarterly investor briefings, open to all shareholders. Employees| Safe and healthy workplace | ‘Destination ZERO’, a project that plans to have zero harm to the employees. | Customers| Great service, and value for their money| Monitoring on the Australian shopping behavior and implements ideas that benefit the customers| Environment| Minimizing the impact on climate change and carbon footprint| $55. 7 million was spent energy efficient technology| Internal and External Influences Woolworths has been impacted both internally and externally to become what it is today. They have responded to these influences as they see fit.Internal Influences Marketing Strategies Woolworths has capitalized on the idea of becoming ‘the fresh food people’. They have implemented various different ways to approach the customers by informing them of healthy food choices, as well as fresh food facts. They have created a website that informs them of how and where their produces are made. They create commercials of ‘Fresh Market Update’, which summarizes which fruits and vegetables are in season. Their magazines, the Fresh magazine an d Australian Good Taste, are a monthly magazine that shows healthy recipes to recreate.This marketing push on their slogan reassures the customers that their choice in retailer to buy from is the healthiest choice. Location With over 850 store across Australia, customers are much more connected to the business. They are located in almost every metropolitan and regional area, with their fruits and meat suppliers close to the eastern suburbs. Figure 1 Source: woolworthsfacts. com. au/our-suppliers. php This strategy to keep most of their supplier close to the eastern suburbs can significantly decrease travel time; make sure they have the freshest fruits and meat to sell.Not only does their supplier’s location important, but also the store’s location is also strategically placed. As most of their stores are located in suburb areas, they are located in shopping centres that could attract the most visibility and exposure. Figure 2 Source: woolworthsfacts. com. au/our-supp liers. php Figure [ 2 ] Source: woolworthsfacts. com. au/our-suppliers. php Visibility Directly linking to location, visibility for any business is crucial for attracting customers. Woolworths can be located in different shopping centres that may also contain other competing supermarkets.This allows the customer to compare their prices to their competitors. Another benefit for visibility having exposure in busy and populated areas. For example, Woolworths’ large store in Pitt Street, Sydney is in a central hub of the city. They are able to gain a large amount of visibility and can attract the potential customers walking past. External Influences Economical The typical Australian household is budgeting their expenses due to the rising prices of everyday living. They have counteracted this by giving their customers a special sale of a different variety of products every week.This has allowed the customers to be able to spend less but still be able to get the same products they desired. Technology The accelerating technology today is rapidly increasing and people are becoming more connected to each other. The use of apps in phones is becoming more frequent and everything is becoming on-the-go. Woolworths has created a Woolworths App to seek an opportunity to connect to this audience. It is able to tell what is on season, what products are on special, as well as being able to create shopping lists with prices.Social Media The rise of technology has also given the rise to social networks. Many companies have risen to generate publicity within these social networks. Websites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube are the few names that Woolworths has created its Internet publicity. Strategies for Future Growth International Presence As of now, Woolworths is a household name across Australia. It is known best for its fresh produces and service. Their presence in the world has already reached New Zealand, with over 100 stores.A strategy for growth could be spre ading to different countries neighboring Australia, such as the South East Asian countries. This can help build relationships with neighboring countries and able to seek new customers on an international level. Pre-Prepared Meals and Home delivery Another recommendation would be having pre-prepared meals delivered to the doorstep. A problem most family households have is having the time to shop in the supermarket and cook. These pre-prepared meals will start off as a survey on how large your family is, as well as the variety of food they like to eat.These deliveries will also contain the other items you would likely get from the store. Summary The report above addresses Woolworths and its parent company Woolworths Limited the success and contribution to the Australian economy. The report identifies its business structure, responsibility to their stakeholders, explained 6 various influences (both internal and external) to their success in Australia and recommends strategies for futur e growth.

Effect of a Brief Seminar on Retirement Planning for Senior Dental Article

Effect of a Brief Seminar on Retirement Planning for Senior Dental Hygiene Students - Article Example rences in relative risk aversion, a variable that derives its theoretical relevance and explanatory power from the life-cycle hypothesis of consumption and saving (Jefferson, 2007). These studies would be a back ground in the investigation of the knowledge and attitudes of senior dental hygiene students in regard to personal financial investing and retirement planning for their future through a brief pre-test survey. However a number of literatures are available inquiring into the factors affecting the decisions differentiating consumption and saving. An individual’s holdings might be influenced by the asset holdings of other household members and thus portfolio composition appeared to be affected by factors that go beyond an innate gender difference in approaches to risk. Other relevant institutional factors might include the workplace and peer groups (Clark-Murphy and Gerrans P, 2001). In the analysis of information on pension coverage and pension plan characteristics in the 1992 and 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances, indicated that both gender and marital status affected the way individuals chose to allocate their retirement investments across different assets and the investment behavior of married men and women was significantly different from that of single men and women. (Lyons A & Yilmazer T, 2004). Studies by Sunden A & Surette B(1998) also had suggested similar impact of gender and marital status on retirement investment. Further, Lundberg and Ward-Batts (2000) had studied the effect of age and education on the saving behavior of individuals and families. The household decision taking process was further added as a factor affecting the investment decision as collective modeling study done by Lyons A & Yilmazer T (2004) assumed that whoever controlled the resources within the household had a greater impact over the financial decisions within the household However the relevance of retirement planning has been reiterated by a number of literatures

The Machinations of International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Machinations of International Trade - Essay Example The UK has not ratified the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the Convention)2 which places the UK in an anomalous position vis-à  -vis its primary trading partners, often leading to pressure to accept the law of a contracting party that is a signatory to the Convention3. This has led to a marked difference between the approach in international trade law to contract termination and buyer remedies under the Convention, in contrast to the position under CIF and FOB contracts, where the role of documents is paramount to obligations of the trading parties4. Firstly, with regard to the certificate of origin, under CIF contracts, the part of the seller’s primary obligation is to ensure goods, deliver them to the shipping company and arrange for freight of goods5. Arguably most important is the bill of lading, which is essentially a transport document and covers movement by sea and constitutes documents of title and evidence as to who has the title, which is vital to obligations under CIF and FOB contracts6. If a bill of lading is consigned to a named party, they are known as â€Å"straight consigned†7. Moreover, bills of lading can be categorized according to the mode of transport specified under the contract8. For example, marine bills of lading cover shipment by sea and can be issued by the shipping company, captain or master of the vessel or party acting as agents for the carrier9. Alternatively, the â€Å"received for shipment† bill of lading pieces of evidence receipt of goods by the issuer, however, does not evidence that goods are en route10. Finally, â€Å"shipped on board† bills of lading constitute evidence.

Report of Environmental and Palaeoclimatic Changes

Report of Environmental and Palaeoclimatic Changes A multi-proxy report of environmental and palaeoclimatic changes.   Introduction The question as to whether peat stratigraphy could be used as an archive of past climate change was unresolved in the 1970’s (Aaby, 1976). Peats where used as sedimentary archives from which only pollen could be extracted. However, it was long believed that peats growth was cyclical. Due too scientific advances within theories and techniques peat can now be used to derive many variables that are inherent within the structure of peat bogs and hence the study of peat embodies a library of characteristics that show different variables through-time, relevant to climate changes. Peat can be accurately used to reconstruct past climatic conditions. This is shown through changes in colour from lighter to darker which indicates wetter or drier shifts (Barber et al, 2000). When observed the colours within peat can indicate the composition of what climactic variables were during its accumulation. A lighter coloured peat would be associated to an environment cooler in temperature with more precipitation and darker peat with more high percentage of organic material present and would show a warmer climate with less precipitation (Chiverrell, 2001). Additionally, due to the absence of Oxygen within waterlogged peat bogs, the peat becomes preserved this in-turn can be studied due to how well preserved peat bogs remain through-time. The principle of palaeoclimatology is the study of climatic changes on Earth, in regards to the Earth’s history as a whole. Palaeoclimatology can be used through many various proxy methods to obtain data preserved within; sediments, rocks, tree rings, Peat and testate amoebae. Aims The aims of the multi-proxy investigation into Holcroft Moss were to; To investigate recent climate change To study the level of extent anthropogenic features have impacted on the surrounding environment Hutton and Lyell described the term, Uniformitarianism, as â€Å"the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe†. This can be applied to peat and allows for nearly modern day accuracy on analysed data due to the rule of uniformitarianism and its role in throughout nature. Study Site Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, is located 10 miles west from the City of Manchester and is found just south of a major motorway the M62 (Figure 1).      The site itself is a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1991 (Natural England, 1991). Managed and owned by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of Natural England. It is essential to best preserve this site as much as possible, due to this Cheshire Wildlife Trust have added wildlife such as cattle and sheep to constantly maintain the arena through grazing whilst also actively clearing trees and shrubbery to maintain the water table to a stable level (Cheshire Biodiversity, 2008). It is crucial that the site is kept waterlogged to varying degrees as this helps contain levels of carbon within the site and the carbon does not leech out into the surrounding environment. Correct preservation of carbon within the peat bog itself permits for an analyses that still abides by the law of uniformitarianism, allowing for good data to be collected with regards to previous climatic activity. Holcroft Moss has been studied since the 1960s in order to better understand past climatic changes, this was first done through the study of pollen within the site but through scientific advances and-time many of these first case studies have been discredited because these early techniques are not up to the standards of modern day, technological quality and methods. The information from data collected during the 1960s and 1970s is not as reliable as more recent studies. Figure 1; The location of Holcroft Moss (University of Edinburgh, 2013)( ©Ordnance Survey). Methodology Four data sets where collected to then in turn be analysed. Pollen preps where done for students upon for the interpretation of data. Standard procedures were followed for the laboratory preparation and analyses of pollen, Humification, plant macrofossils and XRF samples (Moore et al 1991, Blackford Chambers, 1993) where followed. Results   Core Description: Depth of core (cm) Description 0 4 Light Brown (0 – 1cm) Dark Brown (1 – 2cm) Light Brown (2 – 4cm) Small amounts of organic material 4 22 Darker than previous sample (0 4cm) (Very dark brown) High amounts of organic material 22 42 Organic material present Light brown 42 58 Very dark brown Some organic material 58 – 72 Very dark Brown almost black in colour Some sections are light brown. Very little organic material 72 80 Black peat with sections of medium brown dense in organic material 80 – 95 Black No/little organic material 95 – 100 Black No organic material dense Table 1; Description of 100cm core from LJMU taken in October 2014 from Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. Table 1 shows eight sections within a 100m core taken from Holcroft moss in October 2014. These eight sections where divided by the group and studied for their various different characteristics. These eight sections show with in them, transitional phases inherent to the peat bog. The light brown layers indicate poorly humified peat showing, a wetter, cooler climatic shift indicating a time with more precipitation. The darker brown areas and black parts within the 100m core show a warmer climate with less precipitation and possible influences from another source around the environment of the peat bog. Pollen Analysis Figure 2; Pollen Diagram for Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. The pollen diagram has a radiocarbon date at 50cm depth and the pollen results can be used to determine an age for the upper part of the profile. Pollen studied has been expressed showing the percentage (%) of total land pollen. The pollen analysis is split into five zones (HOL- 1-5) and percentage of tree, shrubs and herbs is represented throughout these zones which can also indicated the type of climatic environment the peat bog inhabited. Different zones at Holcroft Moss, Cheshire. Comparing averages of tree, shrub, herbs and spore species throughout that period. Depth (cm) Zone Pollen name(s) Avg % Additional information. 0 – 15 HOL-5 Betula (Birch) Poaceae (Grass family) à ¢- ª 30 à ¢- ª 53 Betula (Birch) will colonise dry bog areas and areas around a dry bog. Poaceae (Grass) is likely to be derived from both local and regional sources. Hol-5 shows a dry climate. 15 – 35 HOL-4 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Ericaceae (Heather family) à ¢- ª 24 à ¢- ª 30 à ¢- ª 30 Sphagnum (Bog Moss) often arises on wet areas of a bog. As stated above Poaceae can be derived from both local and regional sources. Additionally, the introduction of Ericaceae (Heather family) Found locally. Hol-4 shows a wetter climate. 35 – 60 HOL-3 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Ericaceae (Heather Family) à ¢- ª 22 à ¢- ª 18 à ¢- ª 24 à ¢- ª 16 Hol-3 shows a climate similar to Hol-4, with the introduction of Cyperaceae (Sedge family) a herb which is found extra-local or regional. 60 – 80 HOL-2 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Ericaceae (Heather family) Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) Ainus Glutinosa (Alder) Quercus (Oak) Betula (Birch) à ¢- ª 25 à ¢- ª 25.5 à ¢- ª 17.5 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª16 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª10.5 In comparison to Hol-3 the climatic conditions are similar but probably slightly warmer, due to the same average percentage of Sphagnum which represents a wetter climate. However, Hol-2 shows an introduction of many various tress. Herbs, spores and shrubs, many regional or extra local such as; Oak, birch, Alder and Hazel. And also Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) a peat land shrub which grows in drier parts of a bog at only a 9 % average throughout, representing a slightly warmer climate. 80 – 105 HOL-1 Sphagnum (Bog moss) Poaceae (Grass family) Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) Ericaceae (Heather Family) Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) Ainus Glutinosa (Alder) Quercus (Oak) Betula (Birch) à ¢- ª 45 à ¢- ª 5 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 20 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 11 à ¢- ª 17 à ¢- ª 9 à ¢- ª 14 Hol-1 shows a very wet climate with Sphagnum (bog moss) having an average of 45% in comparison to the other four zones which are found at only half the amount of sphagnum. Many regional and extra local pollen spores are found and Myrica Gale (Bog Myrtle) has increased slightly showing a possible change in climate. Testate Amoebae Analysis Figure 3; Testate amoebae ordered left to right according to depth of water table for Holcroft Moss, Cheshire, UK. Figure 3 shows the levels of depth 0-100cm where different Testate Amoebae are located. Throughout a 100cm peat core taken from Holcroft Moss, Cheshire in October 2014. A high number of Cyclopyxis Arcelloides are found at depths from 0-10cm after this depth hardly any trace is found of Cyclopyxis Arcelloides. Hyalosphenia Subflava associated with a drier climate and a lower water table spikes throughout 15 -25cm. This species decreases from 25-30cm where Arcella Discoides competes and is frequently found in percentage (20-80%) throughout the depths of 25-85cm. Hyalosphenia Subflava reoccurs after 20-25cm and is the dominate species of testate amoebae found throughout 30-50cm, 55-60cm and from 75-100cm. Other testate amoebae which can be found throughout 30-75 cm are; Assunlina Muscorum, assulina seminulum, archeralla flavum and archerella wrightianum in varying amounts all competing with each other, some of these Testate Amoebae are more suited to the conditions of a wetter higher water table such as; Archerella Flavum however, others at the depth of 35-70cm prefer a drier low water table, such as; Assunlina Muscorum. Many of these species reduce in percentage after a depth of 75cm for Hyalosphenia Subflava to become the dominate testate amoebae species found in Holcroft Moss which indicates a drier climate with a lower water table. Humification Data Figure 4; Humification data. Annotated showing varying levels of light transmission. Taken from 100m core, Holcroft moss, Cheshire. October 2014. Figure 4 shows different climatic periods. These are taken from the Humification data which analyses levels of light transmission going through a sample. Throughout the 100m core taken. The data was analysed and collectively put together to be interpreted. The data shows different climates variants throughout time the 100cm peat sample had been accumulating. At lower depths the sample represents a wetter climate, then throughout the middle it indicates a drier climate to then go back into a wetter climate throughout the top 20cm. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Data Figure 5; XRF analysis for lead (Pb) concentration in parts per million (PPM) showing down core trends. Annotated showing radio carbon dates. Holcroft Moss, Cheshire. October 2014. Figure 5 shows low levels of lead (Pb) within peat. From 1880 AD and earlier, there are only minor amounts of Pb found within the depths of 30-100cm. However at 30-0cm the peat shows a much higher concentration of Pb this is around the time of 1880 AD (the industrial revolution). After this time Pb concentration found within Holcroft moss increases up to 800+ PPM for 92 years (1972) after this Pb concentration declines into 200 PPM for current day. Discussion To further understand the palaeoclimatic reconstruction from the peat bog located at Holcroft Moss, the proxy data is combined, and considered from all the proxies data studied. This allows for a clearer, more incise data set shown rather than a singular proxy was only studied like in the 1970s (Barber, 2009). Data from the multi-proxy study into Holcroft Moss and the past climatic changes throughout a 100cm core taken shows representative evidences which allows for the correct interpretation of these data sets to allow for a better evidence in understanding past climatic changes. For example, figure 3 and 4 give insight into corresponding wet and dry climatic shifts, this is shown through testate Amoebae species and through the Humification of peat samples from Holcroft Moss. Wet and Cool Climatic shifts. To correctly analyses wet and cool climatic shifts Humification data (figure 4) allows for the interpretation of light transmission. Throughout this data set there are indications to a wetter climate with more precipitation throughout the poorly humified peat this is found throughout 0cm-18cm and also from 80-105cm. Poorly Humfied peat suggest a cooler climate due to the high levels of light transmission found throughout these areas of the sample taken, this also indicates more precipitation at the time (Chiverrell, 2001). When comparing Humification data to the Testate Amoebae study (figure 3) it shows two periods where a wet, cooler climate is found, indicated due to the types of species found within the testate amoebae 100cm core taken. When analysed there are small shifts between 20-25cm, with a change in species throughout 35-85cm, the dominant testate amoebae being Archerella Flavum which represents a higher water table and that of an environment which has more precipitation, indicating a wet and cool climatic shift. Dry and Warm Climatic Shifts. When comparing Humification (figure 4) data to testate amoebae (figure 3) data to analyses periods of warmer climates it is evident that throughout 20-85cm the climate was a wetter cooler climate with high levels of precipitation. However, between 5-20cm and 85-100cm the dominant species is Hyalosphenia Subflava. The species reoccurs from depths at 5-20, 30-50, 55-60, 70-85, 90 and 100cm the presence of Hyalosphenia Subflava would indicate a dry, warmer climate. However, when compared to Humification data, some of these dry shift are not shown, this may be due to the fact Humification data may not show subtle changes in an environment whereas a living organising depends on certain characteristics within the environment which show some subtle changes in climate that Humification data could not determine correctly. The data from Humification may show altering data presenting longer wetter phase in climate but when compared to Testate Amoebae data the evidences sometimes shows the oppos ite indicating a dry warm climatic shift, these errors are found usually found with in a transition period in the climate, this may be why data is interpreted different due to the reason variables within the peat are changing. Human Impacts The best evidence within the study of multi-proxies to test on how much involvement anthropogenic features have within the environment of the peat bog is found within the XRF data. the evidences shows lead (Pb) in PPM within peat at Holcroft Moss (1280 AD and earlier – to present day). From 1280 AD the presence of Pb was hardly an influence within the peat bog, this changed from 1880 AD onwards, which was due to the introduction of lead within the environment. Pb in PPM throughout the Holcroft Moss sample constantly rises for 92 years, to then decrease (1972 AD) However, these levels are still high concentrations of PB and are found at (200+ PPM). From 1880 -1972 AD lead constantly rises and this would coincide with the industrial revolution, which includes the introduction of engines which used lead, this input from human based activities towards the environment is clearly shown in the XRF data and the Pb percentage drops in the 1980’s which coincides with the replacement of leaded petrol to unleaded petrol, it is more than likely that the use of automobiles, especially with Holcroft Moss being located so close to the M62 had an influence on Pb input throughout the time of 1880-1972AD and still continues to this day. Conclusion The Multi-proxy study of palaeoclimatic changes within the Earth through data sets taken from Holcroft Moss allow for a reconstruction of previous climates at that time this peat was accumulating. Holcroft Moss, Cheshire is a site of special scientific interest (SSSI) as the site allows for multiple outputs of data, which can in turn be used for an approach of how aspects within the accumulation of peat have changed through-time. Peat bogs do not rely on outside factors to influence growth and production of peat. The system is sustainable and constant, with the only variable changing its characteristics being climate and the input of regional/extra local inputs, natural or anthropogenic. Due to this, outside factors influencing or affecting the area have a minor effect of the full development of a peat but can still be measured precisely showing a clear and accurate reconstruction of past environments and climates. References Aaby, B., 1976. Cyclic climatic variations in climate over the past 5500 years reflected in raised bogs. Nature 263, 281–284 Barber, K. E. et al. 2000. Replicated proxy-climate signals over the last 2000 yr from two distant UK peat bogs: new evidence for regional palaeoclimate telecommunications. Quaternary Science Reviews. Volume 19. pp. 481-487. Blackford, J.J. and Chambers, F.M. (1993). Determining the degree of peat decomposition for peat-based palaeoclimatic studies. International Peat Journal 5, 7-24. Barber, P. (2009). Peat stratigraphy and climate change. Quaternary International, [online] Quaternary International 268(2012) 1–8. Available at: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/peripheral-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/7AC7018960094F5290E62B8298DCABE4/keb_biography_qi_2012_editorial.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015]. Chiverrell, R. C. 2001. A proxy record of late Holocene climate change from May Moss, northeast England. Journal of Quaternary Science. Volume 16. pp. 9-29. Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. Collinson, M.E. (1991). Pollen Analysis, Blackwell, Oxford. Websites Natural England, (1991). Holcroft Moss. [online] Available at: http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1006461.pdf [Accessed 16 Jan. 2015].

Promoting Computer Literacy Among Student Essay

A. TITLE OF THE POLICY PAPER Promoting Computer Literacy among Student in Lanao Del Sur B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Through scientific and technological progress, the world has become a single global community. Modern means of telecommunication and transportation have fostered the rapid sharing of information, ideas and resources among the nations of the world. This is the challenge that faces Philippine society today – to become part of the global technological community. BELLAFLOR J. ANGARA-CASTILLO (The problem is focused on the low Computer Literacy among students in Lanao Del Sur) Living in the information Age; in this fast-paced era of globalization, computer literacy has been a necessary skill everyone must possess along with Arithmetic and Reading. It is in fact expected among students and workers in different institutions to be computer literate. The studies have revealed that many Meranaos and Non-Meranaos living in Lanao Del Sur are behind in Computer Literacy. In fact, many students in Lanao Del Sur are not even par with thosestudents in Luzon and urban areas. Survey on Internet Access and Use by Filipino SchoolchildrenFinal Report (Summary nationwide Findings)explain the reason why some Filipino Schoolchildren are not using internet. Reasons for not using the Internet centered mainly on the absence of Internetconnection at home/school (61%) and computer illiteracy (51%). Lack of Internetconnection at home may be due to economic reasons as well asparents’ low educational background, since 83 percent of the non-users arepublic school students.The high level of computer illiteracy should be a priority concern sinceâ€Å"competitiveness† and â€Å"survival† of children in today’s Knowledge Society is toa great extent dependent on digital literacy. Computer classes are notavailable in public elementary schools compared with private schools. Filipino schoolchildren are computer literate as almost three-fourths (74%)have access to the Internet. But schoolchildren in the Visayas and MetroManila have greater access than their counterparts in the Cordilleras andMindanao as approximately 9 out of 10 schoolchildren in these areas areInternet users. Schoolchildren from lower grades, i.e. elementary than high school students,have lesser access to Internet. Several reasons can be cited: while theDepartment of Education (DepED) has a program which provides computerpackages to public high schools, this is not available to public elementaryschools; elementary pupils are less mobile than older children, e.g. going tomalls; parents have more control on their activities and whereabouts, etc. Majority (51%) of schoolchildren reported â€Å"not knowing how to use thecomputer† as reason for not using the Internet, it is important that computerliteracy should now be included in the school curriculum especially in publicschools where computer illiteracy is more pronounced. (This survey shows that the people of Mindanao iss behind incomputer literacy compare to the people of Luzon and Visayas) This is an alarming issue since while other countries are devising robots already, our citizens (Filipinos) have not even explored much about computers or worse some have not even tried using it once. With the situation all the more the Philippines cannot compete with other countries. Computer Literacy is an important asset that every citizen should have. These canhelp in contributing to the workforce and equipping oneself with the information essential for ones’ development both personally and professionally. While other countries are on the milestone of invention and innovation, if this problem on poor computer literacy among students in Lanao Del Sur be unresolved, we will always be left behind still groping in trying how such innovation works. While they are already benefitting much to it, we are just about in the process of learning it. To gain a skill in Computer literacy is just but gaining access in the intricate system of technology melded by great minds that could pave the way for our development. 2. Causesand background of the problem Factors that lead to the development of the said problem are: First, school computers are not enough for the student. Some schools do have computers but this is not enough to accommodate every students. Sometimes only the students in first section are the one who are benefited in using computer. Second, the capability of teachers who teach computer subject. For those schools do have computer class the problem is the teachers do not have the quality to teach computer literacy because they don’t have any good background how to use the computer system properly. Third schools don’t have enough funds to buy computers equipment for their student. Schools especially in the remote areas don’t have enough budget or no budget at all to buy computer equipment for their students. 3. Undesirable social conditions that result from the problem. 1. The numbers of student who are illiterate in using computer will increase. Students of Lanao Del Sur who are computer illiterate will increase they become ignorant in using Information Technology (IT). 2. The student will not benefit of what technology brought to us. While other students of Luzon and Visayas are already benefited much to it, the students of Lanao Del Sur are just about in learning it. . 3. It will destroy the image of quality of education in our society. The quality of education in Lanao Del Sur will become low, because while students using the information technology our students still attached to the old technique of teaching education. When we say basic computer literacy we mean how to turn off/on the computer properly, how to use basic computer program such as, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel and how to make e-mail account and send e-mail account. Computer literacy should be include in school curricula at early level in Grade school grade six and seven. In highs cool computer literacy to introduce to the student in year level 3rd and 4th year for them to master basic computer program. C. REVIEWS ON PREVIOUS EFFORT ON THE PROBLEM The Philippines Constitution 1987 has mandated â€Å"ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles & State Policies† and ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports,says that the state shall give priority to Education, Promote and Protect the right of all students to quality education to all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education to all. There are some proposed House Bills and Senate Bill aim to promote technical and scientific literacy in computer education among the Filipino Youth. House Bill No. 880 AN ACT TO INTEGRATE COMPUTER EDUCATION INTO THE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY CURRICULUM AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR House Bill No. 2096 AN ACT CREATING SPECIAL COMPUTER LITERACY EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES House Bill No. 447 AN ACT TO INTEGRATE COMPUTER EDUCATION INTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Senate Bill No. 1118 AN ACTTO INTEGRATE A COMPUTER EDUCATION PROGRAMINTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES All of these proposed bills say that it is the priority of a state to promote and support computer literacy at the earliest grade level both in the Public and Private schools system of the country. The state shall provide for an educational computer program integrated in the existing elementary and secondary school curricula. However, as observed, this not fully implemented. Perhaps, it was on the ground of lack of funds.â€Å"The main cause of this is the lack of funds.† Textbooks and school infrastructure alone are not much priority which themselves are not also resolved. To some schools blessed with few computers, the students cannot even learn from it since they were not given hands-on activities for them. Even if for some schools that have computer subjects in their school curriculum, the manner of instruction is not good enough. It was due to the fact that the school curriculum is not fully implemented. The subject exists but the classes for it are not executed. In some cases where there is computer class, the problem is on the teachers who themselves are computer illiterate. That is because they were product of traditional curriculum and weren’t provided with proper training for computer instruction. This again implies that a funding should also be allotted for training teachers who will handle computer subjects especially for those living in remote areas. Capability Building for Teachers School teachers also need training in media and information literacy. This willequip them with skills needed in making their students critical mediaproducers and consumers and at the same time provide teacherscompetencies in using media as teaching-learning tools. UNESCO hasproduced a model curriculum on Media and Information Literacy forSecondary School Teachers which can be adapted in local setting. The Internet has emerged as an important teaching-learning tool as learnersbetter appreciate the learning process when it is mediated. Teachers shouldbe provided with professional development opportunities to help them modeleffective use of the Internet as a tool for students’ learning, includingintegrating Internet learning with regular classroom learning.Schools should encourage blogging among students since it enhancescreativity and writing skills. The Education Sector (Department of Education, Public and PrivateSchools) Computer Facilities in All Schools While we recognize that even basic needs are still wanting in many public elementary and high schools, there is a need to address the digital dividebetween public and private schools. Still, many private schools in theregions also lack computer facilities. The Department of Education andother government agencies should come up with more â€Å"innovative†approaches in mobilizing resources for investing in computer acquisition.Some proposals have already been forwarded recently, e.g. tax on textingthe revenue to be used in acquiring computers for all public schoolsnationwide. Computer acquisition should be complemented by Internetconnectivity. With this seen problem, some NGO’s extended a helping hand.The USAID GEM-CLIC for instance together with its external links such as the (STEP-UP) Stop Trafficking and Exploitation of People Through Unlimited Potential), and the Microsoft Potential from US conducted Computer and Life Skills Training among youth especially for those out of school youth and vulnerable groups such as victims of human trafficking. Their goal is to provide Computer and Life Skills Training to equip Filipinos with these skills they can use for livelihood here instead of going abroad; thus to prevent being a victim of human trafficking. This project was launched in November 2009 in Patani Marawi City and has indeed produced batch of computer literate youth out of school and some adults. D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POLICY PAPER Computer Literacy is an asset for a society transforming and adapting tothe globalization trend. In this Information Age, where there’s an explosion of knowledge, grasping it can be possible with just the tip of your finger. Thus computer literacy is a big advantage among students and workforce. In fact, nowadays, computer literacy is always a big qualification searched for an applicant. Because whatever institutions are utilizing computers. The students and the workforce; whether teachers, clerks, staff from smallest to biggest business establishment and even in government institution will benefit from this trend provided they are computer literate. E. OBJECTIVE OF THE POLICY PROPOSAL General Objective This proposed policy aims to promote literacy in computer education among the students in Lanao Del Sur. This seeks to integrate basic computer education into school curriculum; this proposed policy also mandates sufficient funding for the program. Specific Objectives * Toask the government to provide funds for this project. * To urge the school administrator to a curriculum integrating computer class. * To have a strict implementation of computer literacy instructor among schools whereby an assessment on should be given to students to keep track of their development and to monitor as well as the conducting of computer class both by the DepEd and local government. F. STRATEGIES AND PROCEDURE ON HOW TO START THE POLICY MOVE 1. Inform Mrs. SafinaMacabando-BacaratthePrincipal of Marinaut Elementary School she is also concern with Computer Literacy. To check for any additional information or review of this proposed policy paper. 2. Inform Mrs. JalilaMacabando-Dimal a sister of Principal SafinaMacabando-Bacarat who is a Supervisor in East District to support this proposed policyand tell her co-Supervisors that they a need to pay attention to the problem of Computer Literacy in among students inLanao Del Sur. 3. Send a letter for an appointment with the head of local offices such as Department of Education (DepEd) in Lanao Del sur. Give them a copy of this proposed policy. Mrs. JalilaMacabando-Dimal would be able to convince Mrs.Mona A. MacatanongMarawi Superintendent and the DepEd since she is the supervisor of the East District. Discuss the problem about computer literacy among the students in L.D.S , to have strict impelentation in Computer education and inform every school who that their permit to operate a school will remove if they will not cooperate. 4. Connect with the NGO’ssuch as USAID together STEP-UP Stop Trafficking and Exploitations of People through Unlimited Potential and the Microsoft Potential from US conducted Computer and Life Skill Training. 5. Send a letter for an appointment with the Regional DepEdSecretary JamarKulayan, Mrs. JalilaMacabando-Dimal through Mona A. Macatanong if there’s an increase of literacy in computer education. 6. Meeting with the DepEd Secretary, Supervisors and Principals of different provinces in Lanao Del Sur and the NGOs to provide a real plan and a system in meeting the demands in providing more computers and increase of literacy in computer education. 7. Secure a copy as reference or review of this proposed policy paper in the congress.

Chariots of Fire Essay

Answer: In the film Chariots of Fire, Directed by Hugh Hudson, two major film techniques which have been used are slow motion and close up shots. These Production techniques reinforce the character and feelings of Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams as they prepare and run in the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. The Close Up shots give us an insight into Eric’s Character and reactions, specifically when he makes the decision not to run on the Sabbath. Slow motion tells us of the nervousness and loneliness of Harold as he waits for the races to start, and communicates the feeling of tension to the viewers . The film techniques in Chariots of Fire enhance the characters personalities and form a link with the theme and major events in the story line. Close up shots are used in Chariots of Fire to portray the honesty and integrity of Eric Liddell, â€Å"the Flying Scotsman†, and his personality and approach to the Olympic Games. When Eric arrived in Paris he was confronted with the problem of running his 100m heats on the Sabbath. Eric decides that he won’t run on the Sabbath because, â€Å"the Sabbath is Gods and I for one intend to keep it that way†, â€Å"I won’t run and that’s final†. The close up shots showed us Eric’s reactions and emotions which exposed how Eric was a transparent character whose life was governed by faith, honesty and loyalty to God. Hugh Hudson has used slow motion during the Olympic races to portray the honesty and integrity of Harold Abraham and Eric Liddell. The slow motion technique is also used to portray the loneliness and solitary feeling before races. At the start of Harold’s race it shows his determination to win, â€Å"If I can’t win, I won’t run†. Harold was a Jew and was determined to prove that he could run, it was his weapon against the rising of Anti-Semitism before World War Two. The slow motion in Eric’s race shows the viewers the different style of running he has and how each movement counts towards the final victory. Eric said â€Å"God made me fast, and when I run I feel his pleasure†; the slow motion shows how he loves running, but reminds us of his firm faith and trust in God which will never be severed. Slow motion shots showed me the feelings of the runners during their races and deepened the sense of nervousness, but determination to run the race to victory in both of the main characters. The two production techniques close up shots and slow motion, enhance the link between the characters and the theme of faith and endurance, the understanding of character feelings and determination made the film worthwhile because you can sense the tenseness of the character and their yearning for victory as the both had â€Å"something personal to prove†. The production techniques helped me to understand the characters faith and the strength of their faith which governed their lives, never to decrease but continually increase and inspire others to run a straight race morally, have ambition and determination, this theme is especially prominent as we are shown how Eric’s faith in God was his strength when running and pathway to victory. Two major production techniques in Chariots of Fire, used by Hugh Hudson were close up and slow motion, these two techniques enhanced my understanding of the main characters, Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams. The techniques portrayed character feelings, formation and the result of crucial decision making. This film is worthwhile to watch because not only because of the way the director has used techniques to make it easier to understand the lives of the two Olympic heroes and inspire future generations, but to get an insight of how these two runners achieved their goal and their personal reasons for pursuing victory.

Community Service in Secondary Schools - 1070 Words

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